Better Breadcrumbs
By Daniel Wood, 4 October 2018
Introduction
Breadcrumb menus are great. They tell the user a lot about where they are within a solutions hierarchy. They also provide a really quick and easy way to navigate up/down that hierarchy if needed. In the FileMaker world, people have been making breadcrumb menus in various forms for a while, the most common implementation is that of a repeating fields, button bars, or in the case of vertical menus, a portal.
And while all of these methods are workable, they tend to have limitations when it comes to 2 aspects - the visual quality of the menu, and the ability to customise and extend the menu. So what do we mean by these? We’ll start off by giving an example of a breadcrumb menu built using a button bar, discuss some of its limitations, and then present our alternative implementation using a tab control object.
Example file time!
Rather than wait til the end to check out the demo, we strongly recommend you download and explore the example file as you read. This will help you follow along with the content of the article and help you to understand what we are talking about.
A typical breadcrumb menu
Here is an example of a standard breadcrumb menu. This is a location based menu, as the items in the menu are locations within the solution the user can navigate to.
The user currently resides at the right-most location in the menu, and as you scan to the left you can work your way back up the navigation hierarchy all the way to home screen. These navigation elements are clickable, so the user is free to traverse back up the hierarchy to any point they wish.
Building this in FileMaker
Many peoples first instinct would be to use a button bar to design and build a breadcrumb menu. It has a number of properties that suit a breadcrumb menu:
- Multiple segments, each could be a step in the hierarchy
- Clickable, as each segment is essentially a button
- You can calculate the text to appear in each segment.
But here’s the problem. Button bars are of a fixed width, and the segments within the button bar are all proportional in width to the overall width of the bar itself. So if you have a 100pt wide button bar, with 10 segments, then each segment will be 10 pts wide. If you extend the width of the bar to 200pts, then each segment grows to 20pts in width. You have no control over the width of each individual segment.
So what does this mean for us in real terms?
Here is a crack at building a breadcrumb menu with a button bar. The issue we have is that each segment has a variable amount of text, yet we can only have a single width per segment. Add to this the fact that typical breadcrumb menus have a divider between each element, and you end up with a pretty average looking menu.
This is what it looks like in layout mode, to further illustrate whats going on.
Now, we have seen people come up with attempts to work around this fixed width segment issue. Some involve creating button bar segments based on calculations, where the text inside each segment is padded with spaces to make it a certain width, while others involve starting off with hundreds of small segments, and programmatically removing certain segments and padding others. The simple fact is these are all complex and a real pain to work with, and you still do not achieve a really beautiful result.
What about a tab control?
What’s that, I hear you ask? A tab control? Surely a tab is the last object you’d think of to build a breadcrumb menu right? Well maybe, but the fact is tab controls are the perfect layout object for building them (short of an actual breadcrumb menu layout object!).
The reason why tab controls are so great for this, is the simple fact that the width of each tab control name is variable in width. This means it doesn’t matter how much or how little text goes into each tab name, they won’t all end up the same width.
This is a tab control, designed to look like a breadcrumb menu. Looks pretty nice doesn’t it. Notice how all of the spacing between the dividers and the items are all consistent. So how is this done?
Here is the same tab control object highlighted in layout mode. The height of the overall object has been reduced such that there is actually no content space, it’s just the height of the tab names themselves. We aren’t going to be using this object for placing other objects in, we are only concerned with the names.
Let’s look at the tab control setup next.
Interesting! What we can see here is that the odd positions in the tab control are given the names of the items in the menu. Whilst the even positions are used for dividers. This is a key concept in our technique for building the menu - odd spaces are for items, even spaces are for separators.
The above setup is kind of useless in an actual solution because it is so hard-coded. Ideally you want the menu to be dynamic, and have elements add/remove as you traverse up/down the navigation hierarchy of your solution, but at this point we’re simply showing you the building blocks for how we structure the object.
We use the “Label width + Margin of” option for tab width, this allows tabs to grow as more text is added, whilst maintaining an even spacing between items and dividers. We are using an ascii character of a right arrow for the divider.
Formatting items
You’ll note that the first three items in the menu are underlined. This is to give visual indication to the user that these are clickable. The right-most element is not underlined, suggesting that is the screen they are current on, and there is no need for them to click that link.
Visual design is achieved through conditional formatting of each individual tab control. In this very basic example, the condition for the first 3 items is simply “true” and we format them to underlined. Again in reality we want to be a bit more dynamic in our conditional formatting, which we’ll cover later.
For a navigation breadcrumb, you may actually wish to simply go with a hard-coded menu such as the one above, and just adjust its display for each layout it appears on, and indeed this may be the easiest implementation. Other implementations may require a more soft-coded dynamic approach.
A simple example
In the example file we start off with a simple wizard example. Here we use a breadcrumb menu to indicate position in a step by step wizard.
This wizard has 5 steps, and the user will work their way through the wizard, and continue to the next section by clicking a button. The menu itself is not clickable, it exists purely as a visual aid to inform the user of their progress in the wizard.
We use the tab control for display of the menu, and we are using a slide-control beneath it for the wizard itself. So, the slide control has 5 panels and each panel is named Wizard_1 through Wizard_5.
The tab control setup is as follows:
Pretty simple stuff. Again odd positions for items, even positions are separators. Because the size of this wizard is known, we only need to add however many tabs are required for each step.
Navigation through the wizard is done by running a script. The script takes as a parameter a direction, be it forward or back. Depending on which direction, it updates the value of a global variable $$WIZARD_POSITION. We use this global variable to help us know which step of the wizard we are on. The script then simply navigates to the next or previous slide panel.
The breadcrumb menu now has to update visually to reflect the users position also. We know the position of the user based on the number in the global variable which will be between 1 and 5. The visual updating is done via conditional formatting, so let's take a look at that:
This is really easy. What we are looking at is the conditional formatting rule for the second position “Your Details”. We’re saying that if the user is at this position, or has gone past this position already, that it should be coloured.
Here the user is on step 4 “Interests”, and so the conditional formatting of items 1 through 4 are evaluated to true, and are coloured bold and green.
For the dividers, they are irrelevant in our example, so we can either always evaluate their conditional formatting to true (and assign them some property, in this case grey colour), or you can leave them without conditional formatting, in which case they will inherit the default formatting of the tab control object.
In this example, you’ll note that the text is black, and the dividers are grey, so we have a difference in formatting of the 2 types of tabs. In the interests of simplicity, we make the default tab text colour black, and we have applied conditional formatting to all dividers, to change them to grey.
Adding action to navigation items
More often than not, you want the user to be allowed to click an item in the navigation menu and run a script accordingly. We can achieve this in tab controls by using the OnPanelSwitch object trigger.
Here is the same wizard, although this time all sections can be navigated to at any point in time.
We start by altering the formatting so that all objects are underlined to begin with, indicating that they can be clicked. The other conditional formatting properties are the same as in the previous example, if the user is on a position, or that position is to the left of where the user currently is, we make it bold and green.
If we apply an OnPanelSwitch trigger to the tab control object, then our script will run regardless of which tab is chosen. An important piece of information we will use in the script is the position of the tab the user has clicked. This can be found by evaluating the first value in the function Get ( TriggerTargetPanel ).
There are 2 possible situations here. Firstly, the user may have clicked a divider. Our script will still run in this instance, so we must handle this situation. Recall all even positions are dividers, so we can check whether the clicked position is even. If it is then we return a FALSE result from the script, and the divider tab is not navigated to.
The only other scenario is the user has clicked on an actual item that they can navigate to. This will be an odd number. We must translate this number into the actual wizard position. We need to do this because of the dividers, they offset the clicked item.
To illustrate this consider clicking on “Immediate Family”. You know that this is the third position in the wizard, but it is actually the 5th position in the tab control. So we need to write a translation between the position chosen and the wizard position. It’s pretty straightforward and simply Ceiling ( $PositionClicked / 2 ). In our example, this would be 5/2 = 2.5, and taking the ceiling of this gives us a wizard position of 3.
Now that we know the wizard position, it’s just a case of setting our location to that value, and going to that sliding panel object, all done !
You can indeed write your own script to cater for any positional click in your menu, regardless of what you are using your menu for.
Abstracting item names into a table
Often times your wizard or menu items will exist in a table as records because you need to customise them, or build different menus for different purposes. In this example we’re going to show that you can still use the breadcrumb menu in this fashion.
Here is a table of records, each for a different section in the breadcrumb menu, and below is the breadcrumb menu. The 2 important bits of information in the table are the name of the item, and its position in the menu.
The beauty of using a tab control really stands out when using an abstracted menu like this. The menu will simply expand to accommodate variable lengths of text. In order for things to work smoothly there are just two things you need to be aware of:
- Make the initial width of the tab object wide enough to cater for a worst case scenario length of menu.
- Add enough tab control objects so that you are sure you have enough menu positions to cater for all the items that may end up in the menu.
Here is the tab control setup of this abstracted menu. Wow things are really getting interesting now! What you see there is a custom function which we have named @BREADCRUMB. It takes 2 parameters. The first is a keyword identifying which records in our wizard setup table to retrieve, and the second is the order number to retrieve. The 5 items in our table are all of type “Abstracted”, and are all numbered 1 through 5.
Here’s the custom function. It’s a simple executeSQL query where we retrieve names of items based on their type and order number, again nothing magical here just standard FileMaker.
The rest of the implementation is no different to our other examples. Conditional formatting for the items, and a script trigger for navigation.
Abstracting the formatting as well as the names
In this last example we show how you can tailor the formatting of individual items in the menu as well as their names. Now you could achieve this with conditional formatting again, but if you want a specific item to have a specific formatting you may wish to abstract this into a table of records to be based on actual items, rather than position in the menu.
This is a very similar example to the one above, with a slight exception that we have an additional field in our table containing an RGB function for the colour we want our item to be.
Here is the tab control setup for this example:
We have added in 9 different tabs here. In fact we add more than required in case more are needed. Because the items are abstracted to a menu, but adding more tabs, we ensure we don’t have to come back and potentially add more in future.
The other interesting thing to notice here is that we no longer are adding dividers into the even positions. It’s all just calls to a custom function called @BREADCRUMB_Formatted. This function is identical in behaviour to the earlier one, but this function does a couple more things
- If the order number passed through is even, it returns the divider character
- If the order number passed through is odd, it obtains the name of that item from corresponding record.
- It also obtains the formatting properties from the record, and applies them to the name, using the Evaluate function.
- It also determines using the wizard position $$WIZARD_POSITION whether to format the item, or whether to not format
So in this case, we are not using conditional formatting to determine whether to format an item or not, it is entirely done within the custom function. The formatting properties we use comes from the record itself.
The end result of this is that because we are only displaying text for items, we have full formatting control over how that looks using the text formatting functions. Here we are using slightly different colours for each item.
Tabs are awesome
The tab control object is just one of those cool objects that just keeps giving. We really love these breadcrumb menus and feel they have a really useful place in solutions. They can also be now made to look really professional and behave just like a breadcrumb menu should as well as being very easy to customise and format.
Example file again!
As with all of our articles we produce we like to provide a detailed example file to go along with it. It’s not enough to just read how something is done, you should be able to see it in action and explore how it works yourself. Please find attached the example file below.
Credits
We'd like to thank Greig Jackson here at Digital Fusion for coming up with this method — nice work!
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Understanding these worth variations is imperative when planning a finances for
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Do not exceed beneficial dosage as Anavar® is a potent anabolic agent.
The extra alcohol consumption ought to be averted, better yet – exclude alcohol fully.
Nevertheless, it is suggested to avoid alcohol consumptions at all when using
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They are used as accessory remedy which can help in weight acquire after extreme loss
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Proviron is well known for its functionality of hardening of muscle tissue along
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Buying them from an unreliable supply can lead to serious well being consequences, so it is not definitely value the threat.
The question I see most often asked by bodybuilders is how to Buy Anavar safely.
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Consulting a medical professional for a respectable prescription is the safest
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Anavar is the unique brand name of the androgen and anabolic steroid Oxandrolone.
This is likely considered one of the most well known steroids in existence and has been a favorite amongst bodybuilders and athletes for
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Online sources for Anavar have gained reputation as a outcome of their convenience and extensive product choice.
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Oxandrolone isn't an extremely potent androgenic steroid, but androgenic activity does exist.
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We advise readers to remain safe whilst bodybuilding and to chorus from shopping for unlawful substances.
Men will carry out cycles lasting 6-8 weeks, whereas girls will hardly ever take anavar for longer than 4
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The underground market is rife with counterfeit or
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In the context of sports activities, numerous organizations
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Athletes utilizing steroids might achieve efficiency advantages that are thought-about unfair to
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Anavar has previously been labeled efficient and protected by researchers.
We know that when used in a scientific setting with low to moderate
doses, Anavar doesn't usually produce harmful unwanted side
effects. Furthermore, water retention is unlikely on Anavar, with the compound creating a dry and defined look.
This diuretic effect is also prone to improve vascularity and
muscle striations whereas contributing to a leaner look. Anavar has a significant impact on power,
despite being a cutting steroid and never causing dramatic weight gain.
Hardly Ever, this drug has brought on critical, sometimes
fatal liver problems including liver failure, liver cysts,
and liver tumors.
Even if a girl did expertise such signs, they'd be reversed after they got here off Anavar.
Nonetheless, this does not apply to the voice; which is a permanent effect (5).
On the flip aspect, if your cortisol levels drop
considerably, you probably can count on enhanced fat burning…and that’s precisely what Anavar does.
Anavar is a DHT by-product, which means that it's going to not be transformed by
5α-reductase (5 Alpha Reductase) nor will it convert into Estrogen through Aromatase.
Anavar’s potent method contains 4-androstenolone and 1-androstenolone.
Each Androstenolone and Epiandrosterone are multifunctional steroid hormones that benefit
the physique. One commonly used trick to effectively reduce
the value of Anavar is to take it with 200ml of grapefruit juice as a substitute of water.
There is an enzyme within the intestines and liver, often known as CYP3A4, which performs
a role in breaking down international molecules within the body.
T3 is a thyroid hormone, that is an especially highly effective
fat-burning synthetic hormone. This is why Anavar, despite being a form
of exogenous testosterone (like all different steroids), is superior
at burning fat. By anti-glucocorticoid, because of this it reduces cortisol levels significantly.
There are many various steroids available on the market,
and each one has its own set of unwanted aspect effects. Nonetheless, steroid use can have a number of negative side effects, including decreased libido.
Consultation with a healthcare supplier earlier than beginning any new complement routine is advised to ensure it
aligns along with your well being standing and targets.
Free testosterone inhibits glucocorticoid hormones, which means catabolic
hormones like cortisol. Conversely, an extra of those hormones promotes the
deposition of adipose tissue.
Also some of the commonly counterfeited oral steroids of all time.
In most cases you can see human grade anavar to cost two to
four dollars per 10 milligram tab. A maximum dose of 100 milligrams per day, properly tolerated by
most men. That could harm the prostate as a end result of this steroids gentle nature it can be used
for lengthy durations of time.
The science behind this injection lies in its capacity to interact
with androgen receptors in the physique, selling protein synthesis and nitrogen retention in the muscles.
Oxandrolone is banned by each major sports activities group as
a end result of its distinctive performance-enhancing abilities.
Aggressive advantages stemming from Anavar embody increased energy,
lean muscle gains, enhanced fats discount and extra stamina.
But despite these benefits, Anavar is not one of the more-common performance-enhancing medication that
athletes test constructive for. Of the attainable unwanted effects of Anavar probably
the most concerning will encompass cholesterol.
As you might know, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the vitality source in your muscles.
Anvarol increases your ATP ranges, supplying you with extra power and
making your workouts more effective. (2) Schimrigk, Häusler, G.,
Blümel, P., Plöchl, E., Waldhör, T., & Frisch,
H. Dr. O’Connor has over 20 years of experience treating men and women with a history of anabolic steroid,
SARM, and PED use. He has been a board-certified MD since 2005 and supplies steering on hurt reduction methodologies.
We have found that valerian root dietary supplements may be efficient for mild insomnia, lowering the time taken to go to sleep and
the standard of sleep (36, 37).
Undertaking a strict calorie-deficit diet puts you at danger of muscle catabolism and losing energy.
Anavar enhances metabolic rate and lipolysis15; this makes Anavar a particularly powerful fat-burning
steroid where energy and stored body fats are efficiently utilized as vitality.
Your metabolic price will increase, and you will find burning fats faster
and extra environment friendly. Naturally, your diet ought to help fats loss, which will
all the time be the case on a chopping cycle.
Anavar is a derivative of dihydrotestosterone; thus,
there is no conversion to DHT via the 5-alpha reductase enzyme.
Consequently, Anavar has mild androgenic properties and side effects.
Research shows that 20 mg of oxandrolone causes 72% much less sulfobromophthalein, a
marker of liver stress, compared to an equal dose of fluoxymesterone (10).
As A Result Of of the possible danger to the toddler, breastfeeding just
isn't recommended while using this drug. Discuss the use of dependable types of contraception (such as
condoms, birth control pills) along with your physician.
Seasoned feminine athletes seeking intensified outcomes may contemplate increasing the dosage to 15-20mg per day.
However, caution is suggested, and beginning
at the decrease finish of the spectrum is recommended.
This gradual progression helps assess tolerance and response, ensuring
a controlled approach for optimum outcomes while prioritizing
security. With so many suppliers out there claiming to promote top-quality Oxandrolone, it
can be difficult to differentiate which ones are reliable.
Regardless of the anabolic steroid you utilize, PCT ought to be
a necessity. And in relation to Anavar all of it relies upon if you're doing an Anavar only
cycle, or are you stacking with some other steroids.
When it involves dosage males normally take from 10mg-100mg, and women vary from 2.5mg-20mg.
Nevertheless, methyltrienolone, or oral trenbolone, is severely hepatotoxic
and consequently is now not utilized in medicine, with analysis deeming its toxicity unacceptable (31).
Our tests of patients utilizing trenbolone typically point
out high elevations in blood stress and significant testosterone suppression. Moreover, trenbolone just isn't appropriate for girls seeking to avoid the event
of masculine features.
Oxandrolone is a man-made steroid that is very similar
to testosterone, which occurs naturally within the body.
This is an anabolic steroid that may promote the growth of muscle tissue within the body and help you achieve the load you have to be as healthy as potential.
Oxandrolone stands out as a well-liked supplement amongst
bodybuilders, and its effectiveness has been highlighted via countless consumer experiences.
Nevertheless, as with any supplement, it’s essential to proceed
with caution and moderation.
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Today, I went to the beach with my kids.
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Дата обращения: 21 августа 2023.
Архивировано 21 августа 2023 года.
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