Better Breadcrumbs

By Daniel Wood, 4 October 2018

breadcrumbs hero

Introduction

Breadcrumb menus are great. They tell the user a lot about where they are within a solutions hierarchy.  They also provide a really quick and easy way to navigate up/down that hierarchy if needed. In the FileMaker world, people have been making breadcrumb menus in various forms for a while, the most common implementation is that of a repeating fields, button bars, or in the case of vertical menus, a portal.

And while all of these methods are workable, they tend to have limitations when it comes to 2 aspects - the visual quality of the menu, and the ability to customise and extend the menu. So what do we mean by these?  We’ll start off by giving an example of a breadcrumb menu built using a button bar, discuss some of its limitations, and then present our alternative implementation using a tab control object.

Example file time!

Rather than wait til the end to check out the demo, we strongly recommend you download and explore the example file as you read. This will help you follow along with the content of the article and help you to understand what we are talking about.

BetterBreadcrumbs.zip

 

A typical breadcrumb menu

Here is an example of a standard breadcrumb menu. This is a location based menu, as the items in the menu are locations within the solution the user can navigate to.

Breadcrumbs 1

The user currently resides at the right-most location in the menu, and as you scan to the left you can work your way back up the navigation hierarchy all the way to home screen. These navigation elements are clickable, so the user is free to traverse back up the hierarchy to any point they wish.

Building this in FileMaker

Many peoples first instinct would be to use a button bar to design and build a breadcrumb menu. It has a number of properties that suit a breadcrumb menu:

  • Multiple segments, each could be a step in the hierarchy
  • Clickable, as each segment is essentially a button
  • You can calculate the text to appear in each segment.

But here’s the problem. Button bars are of a fixed width, and the segments within the button bar are all proportional in width to the overall width of the bar itself. So if you have a 100pt wide button bar, with 10 segments, then each segment will be 10 pts wide. If you extend the width of the bar to 200pts, then each segment grows to 20pts in width. You have no control over the width of each individual segment.

So what does this mean for us in real terms?

Breadcrumbs 2

Here is a crack at building a breadcrumb menu with a button bar. The issue we have is that each segment has a variable amount of text, yet we can only have a single width per segment. Add to this the fact that typical breadcrumb menus have a divider between each element, and you end up with a pretty average looking menu.

Breadcrumbs 3

This is what it looks like in layout mode, to further illustrate whats going on.

Now, we have seen people come up with attempts to work around this fixed width segment issue. Some involve creating button bar segments based on calculations, where the text inside each segment is padded with spaces to make it a certain width, while others involve starting off with hundreds of small segments, and programmatically removing certain segments and padding others. The simple fact is these are all complex and a real pain to work with, and you still do not achieve a really beautiful result.

What about a tab control?

What’s that, I hear you ask? A tab control? Surely a tab is the last object you’d think of to build a breadcrumb menu right? Well maybe, but the fact is tab controls are the perfect layout object for building them (short of an actual breadcrumb menu layout object!). 

The reason why tab controls are so great for this, is the simple fact that the width of each tab control name is variable in width. This means it doesn’t matter how much or how little text goes into each tab name, they won’t all end up the same width.

Breadcrumbs 4

This is a tab control, designed to look like a breadcrumb menu. Looks pretty nice doesn’t it. Notice how all of the spacing between the dividers and the items are all consistent.  So how is this done?

Breadcrumbs 5

Here is the same tab control object highlighted in layout mode.  The height of the overall object has been reduced such that there is actually no content space, it’s just the height of the tab names themselves. We aren’t going to be using this object for placing other objects in, we are only concerned with the names.

Let’s look at the tab control setup next.

Breadcrumbs 6

Interesting! What we can see here is that the odd positions in the tab control are given the names of the items in the menu. Whilst the even positions are used for dividers. This is a key concept in our technique for building the menu - odd spaces are for items, even spaces are for separators.

The above setup is kind of useless in an actual solution because it is so hard-coded. Ideally you want the menu to be dynamic, and have elements add/remove as you traverse up/down the navigation hierarchy of your solution, but at this point we’re simply showing you the building blocks for how we structure the object.

We use the “Label width + Margin of” option for tab width, this allows tabs to grow as more text is added, whilst maintaining an even spacing between items and dividers. We are using an ascii character of a right arrow for the divider.

Formatting items

You’ll note that the first three items in the menu are underlined. This is to give visual indication to the user that these are clickable. The right-most element is not underlined, suggesting that is the screen they are current on, and there is no need for them to click that link.

Visual design is achieved through conditional formatting of each individual tab control. In this very basic example, the condition for the first 3 items is simply “true” and we format them to underlined. Again in reality we want to be a bit more dynamic in our conditional formatting, which we’ll cover later.

For a navigation breadcrumb, you may actually wish to simply go with a hard-coded menu such as the one above, and just adjust its display for each layout it appears on, and indeed this may be the easiest implementation.  Other implementations may require a more soft-coded dynamic approach.

A simple example

In the example file we start off with a simple wizard example. Here we use a breadcrumb menu to indicate position in a step by step wizard.

Breadcrumbs 7

This wizard has 5 steps, and the user will work their way through the wizard, and continue to the next section by clicking a button. The menu itself is not clickable, it exists purely as a visual aid to inform the user of their progress in the wizard.

We use the tab control for display of the menu, and we are using a slide-control beneath it for the wizard itself. So, the slide control has 5 panels and each panel is named Wizard_1 through Wizard_5.

The tab control setup is as follows:

Breadcrumbs 8

Pretty simple stuff. Again odd positions for items, even positions are separators. Because the size of this wizard is known, we only need to add however many tabs are required for each step. 

Navigation through the wizard is done by running a script.  The script takes as a parameter a direction, be it forward or back. Depending on which direction, it updates the value of a global variable $$WIZARD_POSITION. We use this global variable to help us know which step of the wizard we are on.  The script then simply navigates to the next or previous slide panel.

The breadcrumb menu now has to update visually to reflect the users position also. We know the position of the user based on the number in the global variable which will be between 1 and 5.  The visual updating is done via conditional formatting, so let's take a look at that:

Breadcrumbs 9

This is really easy. What we are looking at is the conditional formatting rule for the second position “Your Details”.  We’re saying that if the user is at this position, or has gone past this position already, that it should be coloured.

Breadcrumbs 10

Here the user is on step 4 “Interests”, and so the conditional formatting of items 1 through 4 are evaluated to true, and are coloured bold and green.

For the dividers, they are irrelevant in our example, so we can either always evaluate their conditional formatting to true (and assign them some property, in this case grey colour), or you can leave them without conditional formatting, in which case they will inherit the default formatting of the tab control object.

In this example, you’ll note that the text is black, and the dividers are grey, so we have a difference in formatting of the 2 types of tabs. In the interests of simplicity, we make the default tab text colour black, and we have applied conditional formatting to all dividers, to change them to grey.

Adding action to navigation items

More often than not, you want the user to be allowed to click an item in the navigation menu and run a script accordingly. We can achieve this in tab controls by using the OnPanelSwitch object trigger.

Breadcrumbs 11

Here is the same wizard, although this time all sections can be navigated to at any point in time.

We start by altering the formatting so that all objects are underlined to begin with, indicating that they can be clicked.  The other conditional formatting properties are the same as in the previous example, if the user is on a position, or that position is to the left of where the user currently is, we make it bold and green.

If we apply an OnPanelSwitch trigger to the tab control object,  then our script will run regardless of which tab is chosen.  An important piece of information we will use in the script is the position of the tab the user has clicked. This can be found by evaluating the first value in the function Get ( TriggerTargetPanel ).

There are 2 possible situations here. Firstly, the user may have clicked a divider. Our script will still run in this instance, so we must handle this situation. Recall all even positions are dividers, so we can check whether the clicked position is even. If it is then we return a FALSE result from the script, and the divider tab is not navigated to.

The only other scenario is the user has clicked on an actual item that they can navigate to. This will be an odd number.  We must translate this number into the actual wizard position. We need to do this because of the dividers, they offset the clicked item.

To illustrate this consider clicking on “Immediate Family”. You know that this is the third position in the wizard, but it is actually the 5th position in the tab control. So we need to write a translation between the position chosen and the wizard position. It’s pretty straightforward and simply Ceiling ( $PositionClicked / 2 ).  In our example, this would be 5/2 = 2.5, and taking the ceiling of this gives us a wizard position of 3.

Now that we know the wizard position, it’s just a case of setting our location to that value, and going to that sliding panel object, all done !

You can indeed write your own script to cater for any positional click in your menu, regardless of what you are using your menu for.

Abstracting item names into a table

Often times your wizard or menu items will exist in a table as records because you need to customise them, or build different menus for different purposes. In this example we’re going to show that you can still use the breadcrumb menu in this fashion.

Breadcrumbs 12

Breadcrumbs 13

Here is a table of records, each for a different section in the breadcrumb menu, and below is the breadcrumb menu.  The 2 important bits of information in the table are the name of the item, and its position in the menu.

The beauty of using a tab control really stands out when using an abstracted menu like this. The menu will simply expand to accommodate variable lengths of text. In order for things to work smoothly there are just two things you need to be aware of:

  • Make the initial width of the tab object wide enough to cater for a worst case scenario length of menu.
  • Add enough tab control objects so that you are sure you have enough menu positions to cater for all the items that may end up in the menu.

Breadcrumbs 14

Here is the tab control setup of this abstracted menu. Wow things are really getting interesting now!  What you see there is a custom function which we have named @BREADCRUMB. It takes 2 parameters. The first is a keyword identifying which records in our wizard setup table to retrieve, and the second is the order number to retrieve. The 5 items in our table are all of type “Abstracted”, and are all numbered 1 through 5. 

Breadcrumbs 15

Here’s the custom function. It’s a simple executeSQL query where we retrieve names of items based on their type and order number, again nothing magical here just standard FileMaker.

The rest of the implementation is no different to our other examples. Conditional formatting for the items, and a script trigger for navigation.

Abstracting the formatting as well as the names

In this last example we show how you can tailor the formatting of individual items in the menu as well as their names. Now you could achieve this with conditional formatting again, but if you want a specific item to have a specific formatting you may wish to abstract this into a table of records to be based on actual items, rather than position in the menu.

This is a very similar example to the one above, with a slight exception that we have an additional field in our table containing an RGB function for the colour we want our item to be.

Breadcrumbs 16

Here is the tab control setup for this example:

Breadcrumbs 17

We have added in 9 different tabs here. In fact we add more than required in case more are needed. Because the items are abstracted to a menu, but adding more tabs, we ensure we don’t have to come back and potentially add more in future.

The other interesting thing to notice here is that we no longer are adding dividers into the even positions. It’s all just calls to a custom function called @BREADCRUMB_Formatted.  This function is identical in behaviour to the earlier one, but this function does a couple more things

  • If the order number passed through is even, it returns the divider character
  • If the order number passed through is odd, it obtains the name of that item from corresponding record.
  • It also obtains the formatting properties from the record, and applies them to the name, using the Evaluate function.
  • It also determines using the wizard position $$WIZARD_POSITION whether to format the item, or whether to not format

So in this case, we are not using conditional formatting to determine whether to format an item or not, it is entirely done within the custom function. The formatting properties we use comes from the record itself.

Breadcrumbs 18

The end result of this is that because we are only displaying text for items, we have full formatting control over how that looks using the text formatting functions. Here we are using slightly different colours for each item.

Tabs are awesome

The tab control object is just one of those cool objects that just keeps giving. We really love these breadcrumb menus and feel they have a really useful place in solutions. They can also be now made to look really professional and behave just like a breadcrumb menu should as well as being very easy to customise and format.

Example file again!

As with all of our articles we produce we like to provide a detailed example file to go along with it. It’s not enough to just read how something is done, you should be able to see it in action and explore how it works yourself. Please find attached the example file below.

Breadcrumbs.zip

Credits

We'd like to thank Greig Jackson here at Digital Fusion for coming up with this method — nice work!

Something to say? Post a comment...

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    backyard. This piece of workout gear has turn out to be well-liked lately however it hasn’t been a staple of
    exercise applications almost as lengthy as different tools.

    Your physical therapist will allow you to progress via a safe and
    effective train program that will assist you restore regular ROM in your shoulder.

    The typical progression to restore normal, pain-free ROM to your shoulder begins with passive ROM.
    This cable back train involves numerous muscles because it requires you to slightly
    rotate at the waist. Because this is a unilateral train you will have to have interaction your core throughout the movement.


    After closing your eyes and inhaling deeply, focus your attention in your shoulders and notice how they feel.
    Stress have to be utilized to the rotator cuff, triceps, and tendons throughout
    this train. If you are in pain or uncomfortable throughout this exercise, avoid it and consider other
    actions. It is a extremely easy exercise that doesn’t require any special equipment.

    This difference ensures that there is fixed
    rigidity throughout the whole range of movement and promotes upper arm
    power and hypertrophy gains. A cable machine is straightforward in your joints
    and can information and management your movements to reduce the stress on your elbows, shoulders, and wrists.
    Moreover, cable overhead extensions are additionally much less strenuous than different tricep workouts like cranium crushers.

    Furthermore, with the arms controlling the ropes to make waves, the decrease physique additionally must stabilize the physique, which makes the decrease physique muscles have
    interaction much more. Actually each single muscle
    in your decrease body (which there are a lot) goes to be firing
    off with this one. However make notice, this is an anti-rotation train, not a
    rotational exercise, so your hips will stay squared forward and your toes firmly planted into the
    ground. The aim is to maneuver the ropes side to aspect while maintaining core
    stability. So, your arms will comply with the trail of the ropes
    however your core will resist movement. With that, you are going to build some critical core energy and harm resilience.

    This exercise is great for your arms, shoulders, higher chest,
    lats, traps, and all of the scapula stabilizer muscles.
    The underhand cable front increase is likely considered one of the best cable shoulder workouts for focusing on the front deltoids.
    You can use a straight bar attachment or a cable handle with a slight
    angle, like an EZ barbell. If your aim extends beyond easy recovery and upkeep, the
    following logical step is resistance training.

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    Multi-joint actions that involve pulling, such because the deadlift, bent-over row, seated row, and so forth., require biceps engagement. Folks that prepare at residence can perform the resistance band biceps curls at any level all through their arm workout. Lifters that prepare at a gym should use this as a second train in a superset to annihilate their weapons. You’ll primarily be using free weights, doing compound moves and isolation workout routines, with rep ranges from six to 12. All you need for this workout is a barbell, a set of dumbbells, and an adjustable bench. The incline curl offers a solid stretch for the biceps but doesn’t offer as much rigidity because the preacher curl or different workouts. Still, it’s an excellent addition to your bicep workouts with dumbbells repertoire, particularly for those trying to goal the long head of the biceps.
    Spherical 1Ten chin-ups, 12 hammer curls, 12 inverted rows, 12 barbell curls, 30 resistance biceps curls. The brachialis and brachioradialis muscles, which assist flex the elbow joint, additionally add dimension and shape to the pipes, though it takes a little further manipulation to get them to develop. The brachioradialis makes up a good a half of your forearm as properly and will full your arm improvement by adding a Popeye-like decrease arm to that bulging biceps. In different words, biceps coaching isn’t nearly training the biceps.
    A again and biceps exercise routine, which is usually called a back and bi exercise, is a well-liked way to practice your higher physique when structuring your total energy training program. The step up alone is a good exercise for the quads, hamstrings and particularly the glutes. It includes a knee drive and a bicep curl as you carry out the step up, which is going to work the hip flexors, biceps, and forearms, but additionally is going to seriously check your steadiness. To maintain steadiness, your core and glutes/hip abductors are going to have to be totally engaged. Dumbbells are extraordinarily efficient for building muscle, growing power, bettering athleticism and burning fats. Furthermore, they are probably probably the most versatile training tool there is.
    But, if you are in that intermediate stage, these workout routines are perfect for placing extra concentrate on the realm of your biceps that you’re seeking to develop for wider biceps. You might be wondering if there’s anything you are capable of do with a bar to target one head or the opposite for wider biceps. And probably the greatest workout routines that applies this arm position is a concentration curl. The long-head is emphasised by external rotation (which is why we rotated our arms out into the scapular plane in the previous exercise). Then, use the resistance from the cable to maintain your arm locked into place as you curl. Stand a few steps in entrance of the cable machine, and then take a small side step towards your working arm.
    From biceps muscle anatomy, to the best workout routines for increasing your biceps muscle mass and strength. And then we’ll put it all collectively into one effective biceps exercise. To the envy of skilled lifters, newbies see positive aspects a lot sooner, with important will increase in energy and muscle of their first few months of coaching. In reality, research has discovered novices to achieve as much as five times more power over 21 weeks compared to skilled lifters [9]. While the biceps are used as a stabiliser muscle to regulate the shoulder and elbow joint, the triceps are the ones doing many of the work.
    As for the individual heads, the biceps lengthy head helps with shoulder abduction and inward rotation of the arm, and the biceps brief head assists with shoulder adduction. If you need to perform heavy straight units so as to achieve power while concurrently blasting your biceps with two pump-inducing supersets, then this is the workout for you. This high-volume tremendous set biceps workout is for many who simply wish to get big and are ready to coach intensely for their new arm measurement. As such, this killer mixture can be one of the most intense supersets as a outcome of you can move from drag curls immediately into barbell curls to make your biceps work even harder.
    Start mild and let the joint and connective tissues construct resilience before loading heavily. It can be exhausting to familiarize yourself with, attempting to get the proper dumbbell path and a rhythm as it seems like a two-part motion. As Soon As you’ve obtained it down, this is normally a nice train to add to the arsenal.
    This allows you to manipulate your technique to get the best mind-muscle connection and discover ways to minimize discomfort or joint ache. However my urgent has all the time been comparatively weak, and my lateral head seemed to lag behind. If you need to learn to get bicep definition, you then additionally must know tips on how to contract your biceps correctly. We’ll start off with the identical warmup to challenge that very beneficial 3D lunge sample. Whereas buying an EZ bar, try bars of various sizes to determine which works greatest for you. Curl bars normally measure 47 to seventy five inches and weigh between 16 and 35 pounds.
    Right Here are some examples of full body dumbbell exercises using the workouts above... We love to include this sort of whole body dumbbell exercise on the finish of our exercises as a burnout. Principally, the dumbbells are used just to scale up the depth of the leaping lunge, which is normally only a bodyweight plyometric movement (similar to doing dumbbell burpees).
    A few sets of typical dumbbell curls aren't enough for training biceps. No, you'll have the ability to't practice the biceps everyday as a result of these muscle tissue need rest days to have the ability to regenerate and build muscle tissue. If considered one of your fitness targets is to build larger arms, you must plan to do 2-3 biceps workouts per week. In addition to supplying you with a bit of a shoulder exercise by focusing on external shoulder rotation, the No Money Curl favors the quick muscle heads, or inner portion of the biceps.
    We encourage such debate—as long as you don’t miss the principle level. That is, this record as an entire constitutes a kick-ass collection of confirmed, dependable bicep workouts. Hate on a number of if you should, but we expect collectively they might make for the most effective biceps workout you’ve ever accomplished. Jeff Cavaliere is a Physical Therapist, Power Coach and creator of the ATHLEAN-X Training Packages and ATHLEAN-Rx Supplements.
    Focus on bracing your core and keeping it tight throughout the motion to stabilize your self. Aim for a robust contraction to the top of the rep with a sluggish three-second eccentric (downward) movement. While it’s possible, day by day training isn't beneficial as muscle tissue want time to recover. Goal to train your biceps twice a week to permit for adequate restoration whereas selling regular growth. In general, these workouts contribute significantly to bicep progress, but each has distinctive strengths and limitations that may vary primarily based on individual targets and physique mechanics. The scheme follows a straight-sets strategy in which you use the identical working weight for all three sets, trying to achieve the same target-rep figure on each one (but don't cease if you are in a place to do more). You May use a barely lighter weight (for a higher rep target) on every successive exercise.
    The navy press is a strict train, and you must not use your legs that can help you lift the load. As A Substitute, maintain them straight, like a soldier standing to attention, which is where this movement will get its name. You are obviously not going to do all the above whole physique exercises in a single workout, so you will need to pick and select exercises that match nicely together. Leaping with heavy kettlebells can put too much strain on your backbone. You can even skip the explosive jump on the finish and rather simply squat as much as a standing place. Nonetheless, if you suppose you've what it takes to scale up the intensity of the already-brutal motion and need to add a little more hypertrophy potential, grab a pair of dumbbells and get to burpee-ing. The dumbbell burpee is certainly a sophisticated workouts as the bodyweight burpee alone is killer.
    With the final motion, strive it both ways—curling each arms concurrently one set, and alternating arms the next—to see which you favor. Whether Or Not you’re coaching for hypertrophy, energy, or endurance or utilizing a machine or free weights, you should observe a full vary of movement to get the best bang on your buck. Restricting your range of movement can weaken your muscular tissues in a particular range, growing your odds of injury. They help hold fixed pressure in your guns all through the range of movement, leaving you with a sick pump. Bodybuilding icon CT Fletcher brought the biceps T curls to the mainstream. This exercise is carried out on an incline bench, which helps isolate the brief biceps head. Whereas all the opposite resistance band workouts on this list work the biceps brachii, the hammer curl additionally targets the brachialis and brachioradialis.
    Anterior deltoid – situated on the entrance of your shoulders, the anterior deltoid flexes and medially rotates your higher arm. Exercises that emphasize this head embody entrance raises and overhead presses. With the isolation back and biceps workout routines, you'll be able to either full them in a circuit trend or preserve the same pattern of finishing your whole sets earlier than hitting the next train. After you've completed all of your units for the demanding again and biceps workout routines, you'll be able to move on to the smaller isolation biceps or again workout routines. The biceps muscle, technically known as the biceps brachii, is the muscle found on the front aspect of your upper arm.
    Keep in the 8-12 rep vary and do that motion while you’re recent. Superset the spider curl with a resistance band exercise at the end of your exercise for a muscle-ripping pump. This train is just like preacher curls, but instead of stopping you from moving your upper arms, it holds your entire upper body still. Very few exercises isolate your biceps as successfully as concentration curls. As the name implies, you'll be able to actually give consideration to every biceps in this train.
    This is a standing barbell curl with a cheat constructed into the motion. Choose a difficult weight for this barbell bicep exercise and stand with toes shoulderwidth apart, taking a slightly wider grip than shoulder width and an underhand grip on the straight bar. If you look at the workout routines that most individuals do in their biceps workouts you will note plenty of bicep curl variations. For instance, this 2014 examine by the American Council on Exercise in contrast EMG activation of the biceps with 7 different exercises. It even managed to out-perform conventional workouts just like the barbell curl and EZ curl. Of course, you don’t have to train your biceps and triceps together.
    I rank drag curls in the C-tier because of their restricted effectiveness in comparability with more traditional bicep workouts. "In our twenties, males can develop muscle and gain energy steadily, assuming coaching and diet are enough and constant. After round 35, lower sex and progress hormone levels combined with raised stress ranges make rising larger biceps a bit more difficult," explains Grimley. But don’t stop at the usual underhand curl—your arms will swell with delight whenever you range grip position, range of motion, and execution fashion. There’s a misconception that muscle building is done completely through the coaching session. At first, you could only be succesful of perform one or two reps, or possibly none in any respect.
    Try together with these curls twice every week as you work your arms, leaving room for a rest day in between. Regardless of what you weigh, that is most likely more weight than your biceps are used to lifting, curling, or benching. If you’re lifting a reasonable weight, purpose for 10 to fifteen reps per set and scale up as you achieve power. In order to build the sleeve-busting biceps you’re working towards, there’s one muscle that must be activated that often goes unnoticed in different exercises. Not solely do bent-over rows provide a killer bicep workout, however additionally they target robust muscles in your again. The finest bicep exercises could be carried out within the health club, at house, and some even with out a lot tools or area. Working your posterior deltoids, face pulls additionally hit the muscles across and between your shoulder blades, which are the center trapezius and rhomboids.
    Few muscular tissues draw more attention than your chest muscular tissues and your biceps. A well-defined chest and a pair of bulging biceps inform the world that you have been understanding. In addition, sturdy chest and biceps muscular tissues are important for every athlete and lifter.
    Nonetheless, it’s involved in fairly a quantity of more features than just flexing the elbow. Earlier Than we get into training the biceps, let’s look real fast at the anatomy. In order to totally prepare the biceps, you should know the different components and perceive how they function. The standard recommendation for bicep days per week is between two and 4.
    As we established above, adequate muscle mass is amongst the two indispensable necessities for getting higher biceps definition. Even though the DB incline curl focuses on the long (outer) head of the biceps and is in style with superior lifters, it’s still a smart addition to any newbie bicep exercise. This is because analysis reveals that incline curls place extra pressure on the biceps than other well-liked workout routines (such as preacher curls). TRX reverse grip bicep curls prepare the brachialis, brachioradialis, and, to a lesser extent, the biceps as nicely.

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