Better Breadcrumbs
By Daniel Wood, 4 October 2018
Introduction
Breadcrumb menus are great. They tell the user a lot about where they are within a solutions hierarchy. They also provide a really quick and easy way to navigate up/down that hierarchy if needed. In the FileMaker world, people have been making breadcrumb menus in various forms for a while, the most common implementation is that of a repeating fields, button bars, or in the case of vertical menus, a portal.
And while all of these methods are workable, they tend to have limitations when it comes to 2 aspects - the visual quality of the menu, and the ability to customise and extend the menu. So what do we mean by these? We’ll start off by giving an example of a breadcrumb menu built using a button bar, discuss some of its limitations, and then present our alternative implementation using a tab control object.
Example file time!
Rather than wait til the end to check out the demo, we strongly recommend you download and explore the example file as you read. This will help you follow along with the content of the article and help you to understand what we are talking about.
A typical breadcrumb menu
Here is an example of a standard breadcrumb menu. This is a location based menu, as the items in the menu are locations within the solution the user can navigate to.
The user currently resides at the right-most location in the menu, and as you scan to the left you can work your way back up the navigation hierarchy all the way to home screen. These navigation elements are clickable, so the user is free to traverse back up the hierarchy to any point they wish.
Building this in FileMaker
Many peoples first instinct would be to use a button bar to design and build a breadcrumb menu. It has a number of properties that suit a breadcrumb menu:
- Multiple segments, each could be a step in the hierarchy
- Clickable, as each segment is essentially a button
- You can calculate the text to appear in each segment.
But here’s the problem. Button bars are of a fixed width, and the segments within the button bar are all proportional in width to the overall width of the bar itself. So if you have a 100pt wide button bar, with 10 segments, then each segment will be 10 pts wide. If you extend the width of the bar to 200pts, then each segment grows to 20pts in width. You have no control over the width of each individual segment.
So what does this mean for us in real terms?
Here is a crack at building a breadcrumb menu with a button bar. The issue we have is that each segment has a variable amount of text, yet we can only have a single width per segment. Add to this the fact that typical breadcrumb menus have a divider between each element, and you end up with a pretty average looking menu.
This is what it looks like in layout mode, to further illustrate whats going on.
Now, we have seen people come up with attempts to work around this fixed width segment issue. Some involve creating button bar segments based on calculations, where the text inside each segment is padded with spaces to make it a certain width, while others involve starting off with hundreds of small segments, and programmatically removing certain segments and padding others. The simple fact is these are all complex and a real pain to work with, and you still do not achieve a really beautiful result.
What about a tab control?
What’s that, I hear you ask? A tab control? Surely a tab is the last object you’d think of to build a breadcrumb menu right? Well maybe, but the fact is tab controls are the perfect layout object for building them (short of an actual breadcrumb menu layout object!).
The reason why tab controls are so great for this, is the simple fact that the width of each tab control name is variable in width. This means it doesn’t matter how much or how little text goes into each tab name, they won’t all end up the same width.
This is a tab control, designed to look like a breadcrumb menu. Looks pretty nice doesn’t it. Notice how all of the spacing between the dividers and the items are all consistent. So how is this done?
Here is the same tab control object highlighted in layout mode. The height of the overall object has been reduced such that there is actually no content space, it’s just the height of the tab names themselves. We aren’t going to be using this object for placing other objects in, we are only concerned with the names.
Let’s look at the tab control setup next.
Interesting! What we can see here is that the odd positions in the tab control are given the names of the items in the menu. Whilst the even positions are used for dividers. This is a key concept in our technique for building the menu - odd spaces are for items, even spaces are for separators.
The above setup is kind of useless in an actual solution because it is so hard-coded. Ideally you want the menu to be dynamic, and have elements add/remove as you traverse up/down the navigation hierarchy of your solution, but at this point we’re simply showing you the building blocks for how we structure the object.
We use the “Label width + Margin of” option for tab width, this allows tabs to grow as more text is added, whilst maintaining an even spacing between items and dividers. We are using an ascii character of a right arrow for the divider.
Formatting items
You’ll note that the first three items in the menu are underlined. This is to give visual indication to the user that these are clickable. The right-most element is not underlined, suggesting that is the screen they are current on, and there is no need for them to click that link.
Visual design is achieved through conditional formatting of each individual tab control. In this very basic example, the condition for the first 3 items is simply “true” and we format them to underlined. Again in reality we want to be a bit more dynamic in our conditional formatting, which we’ll cover later.
For a navigation breadcrumb, you may actually wish to simply go with a hard-coded menu such as the one above, and just adjust its display for each layout it appears on, and indeed this may be the easiest implementation. Other implementations may require a more soft-coded dynamic approach.
A simple example
In the example file we start off with a simple wizard example. Here we use a breadcrumb menu to indicate position in a step by step wizard.
This wizard has 5 steps, and the user will work their way through the wizard, and continue to the next section by clicking a button. The menu itself is not clickable, it exists purely as a visual aid to inform the user of their progress in the wizard.
We use the tab control for display of the menu, and we are using a slide-control beneath it for the wizard itself. So, the slide control has 5 panels and each panel is named Wizard_1 through Wizard_5.
The tab control setup is as follows:
Pretty simple stuff. Again odd positions for items, even positions are separators. Because the size of this wizard is known, we only need to add however many tabs are required for each step.
Navigation through the wizard is done by running a script. The script takes as a parameter a direction, be it forward or back. Depending on which direction, it updates the value of a global variable $$WIZARD_POSITION. We use this global variable to help us know which step of the wizard we are on. The script then simply navigates to the next or previous slide panel.
The breadcrumb menu now has to update visually to reflect the users position also. We know the position of the user based on the number in the global variable which will be between 1 and 5. The visual updating is done via conditional formatting, so let's take a look at that:
This is really easy. What we are looking at is the conditional formatting rule for the second position “Your Details”. We’re saying that if the user is at this position, or has gone past this position already, that it should be coloured.
Here the user is on step 4 “Interests”, and so the conditional formatting of items 1 through 4 are evaluated to true, and are coloured bold and green.
For the dividers, they are irrelevant in our example, so we can either always evaluate their conditional formatting to true (and assign them some property, in this case grey colour), or you can leave them without conditional formatting, in which case they will inherit the default formatting of the tab control object.
In this example, you’ll note that the text is black, and the dividers are grey, so we have a difference in formatting of the 2 types of tabs. In the interests of simplicity, we make the default tab text colour black, and we have applied conditional formatting to all dividers, to change them to grey.
Adding action to navigation items
More often than not, you want the user to be allowed to click an item in the navigation menu and run a script accordingly. We can achieve this in tab controls by using the OnPanelSwitch object trigger.
Here is the same wizard, although this time all sections can be navigated to at any point in time.
We start by altering the formatting so that all objects are underlined to begin with, indicating that they can be clicked. The other conditional formatting properties are the same as in the previous example, if the user is on a position, or that position is to the left of where the user currently is, we make it bold and green.
If we apply an OnPanelSwitch trigger to the tab control object, then our script will run regardless of which tab is chosen. An important piece of information we will use in the script is the position of the tab the user has clicked. This can be found by evaluating the first value in the function Get ( TriggerTargetPanel ).
There are 2 possible situations here. Firstly, the user may have clicked a divider. Our script will still run in this instance, so we must handle this situation. Recall all even positions are dividers, so we can check whether the clicked position is even. If it is then we return a FALSE result from the script, and the divider tab is not navigated to.
The only other scenario is the user has clicked on an actual item that they can navigate to. This will be an odd number. We must translate this number into the actual wizard position. We need to do this because of the dividers, they offset the clicked item.
To illustrate this consider clicking on “Immediate Family”. You know that this is the third position in the wizard, but it is actually the 5th position in the tab control. So we need to write a translation between the position chosen and the wizard position. It’s pretty straightforward and simply Ceiling ( $PositionClicked / 2 ). In our example, this would be 5/2 = 2.5, and taking the ceiling of this gives us a wizard position of 3.
Now that we know the wizard position, it’s just a case of setting our location to that value, and going to that sliding panel object, all done !
You can indeed write your own script to cater for any positional click in your menu, regardless of what you are using your menu for.
Abstracting item names into a table
Often times your wizard or menu items will exist in a table as records because you need to customise them, or build different menus for different purposes. In this example we’re going to show that you can still use the breadcrumb menu in this fashion.
Here is a table of records, each for a different section in the breadcrumb menu, and below is the breadcrumb menu. The 2 important bits of information in the table are the name of the item, and its position in the menu.
The beauty of using a tab control really stands out when using an abstracted menu like this. The menu will simply expand to accommodate variable lengths of text. In order for things to work smoothly there are just two things you need to be aware of:
- Make the initial width of the tab object wide enough to cater for a worst case scenario length of menu.
- Add enough tab control objects so that you are sure you have enough menu positions to cater for all the items that may end up in the menu.
Here is the tab control setup of this abstracted menu. Wow things are really getting interesting now! What you see there is a custom function which we have named @BREADCRUMB. It takes 2 parameters. The first is a keyword identifying which records in our wizard setup table to retrieve, and the second is the order number to retrieve. The 5 items in our table are all of type “Abstracted”, and are all numbered 1 through 5.
Here’s the custom function. It’s a simple executeSQL query where we retrieve names of items based on their type and order number, again nothing magical here just standard FileMaker.
The rest of the implementation is no different to our other examples. Conditional formatting for the items, and a script trigger for navigation.
Abstracting the formatting as well as the names
In this last example we show how you can tailor the formatting of individual items in the menu as well as their names. Now you could achieve this with conditional formatting again, but if you want a specific item to have a specific formatting you may wish to abstract this into a table of records to be based on actual items, rather than position in the menu.
This is a very similar example to the one above, with a slight exception that we have an additional field in our table containing an RGB function for the colour we want our item to be.
Here is the tab control setup for this example:
We have added in 9 different tabs here. In fact we add more than required in case more are needed. Because the items are abstracted to a menu, but adding more tabs, we ensure we don’t have to come back and potentially add more in future.
The other interesting thing to notice here is that we no longer are adding dividers into the even positions. It’s all just calls to a custom function called @BREADCRUMB_Formatted. This function is identical in behaviour to the earlier one, but this function does a couple more things
- If the order number passed through is even, it returns the divider character
- If the order number passed through is odd, it obtains the name of that item from corresponding record.
- It also obtains the formatting properties from the record, and applies them to the name, using the Evaluate function.
- It also determines using the wizard position $$WIZARD_POSITION whether to format the item, or whether to not format
So in this case, we are not using conditional formatting to determine whether to format an item or not, it is entirely done within the custom function. The formatting properties we use comes from the record itself.
The end result of this is that because we are only displaying text for items, we have full formatting control over how that looks using the text formatting functions. Here we are using slightly different colours for each item.
Tabs are awesome
The tab control object is just one of those cool objects that just keeps giving. We really love these breadcrumb menus and feel they have a really useful place in solutions. They can also be now made to look really professional and behave just like a breadcrumb menu should as well as being very easy to customise and format.
Example file again!
As with all of our articles we produce we like to provide a detailed example file to go along with it. It’s not enough to just read how something is done, you should be able to see it in action and explore how it works yourself. Please find attached the example file below.
Credits
We'd like to thank Greig Jackson here at Digital Fusion for coming up with this method — nice work!
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simply 2 units of higher reps, 12-15. Whereas the bench press is great for constructing
power, the dumbbell flye is a superior transfer for targeting pec growth.
It lets you maintain pressure directly on your pecs for longer periods of time, totally exhausting the muscular tissues so they should develop
and taking them via a fuller range of motion.
Adjusting a workout split entails modifying coaching days, volume, or train choice to match
private availability.
Finally, working out muscle teams together additionally helps to enhance coordination between totally different muscle teams which is essential for overall strength and performance.
Strengthening your core/abdominal muscles can convey about a plethora of advantages.
The anatomy of core/abdominal muscular tissues consists of the rectus
abdominis, internal and external obliques, transverse abdominis, quadratus lumborum,
and erector spinae.
We recommend that you work in all rep ranges to build versatility and
well-roundedness. We suggest doing a pair core workouts after your exercise on either Push or Pull Days.
The first method to design a cut up program, is by pairing
muscle teams that work as primary and secondary initiators,
which are complimentary and synergistic. Let’s discover
the advantages of full physique exercise routines to see why they’re integral for success.
If you may be doing a 6 day break up that has you training each
muscle group two or thrice per week, the primary profit can be maximizing the
frequency of hitting every muscle. Research show training each
muscle group twice every week is best for hypertrophy. Whereas it's essential to
identify effective muscle group pairings, equally essential is understanding the importance of relaxation and restoration.
It also helps improve posture and stability in your shoulder joint.
To maximally target your mid- and higher again, keep away from swinging or utilizing an extreme amount of momentum to get the barbell up.
Doing so shifts the work to your lower back and hip extensors, and
you’ve already coated those muscles with other exercises.
This goes to be more beneficial than just lumping together a bunch of different workouts all into one exercise.
Take our 60-second quiz now to learn which dietary supplements may help you achieve your fitness targets quicker.
You don't want dietary supplements to build muscle, lose fats, and
get wholesome. Stand in front of it after which extend your proper leg behind you and place your toes on the elevated floor.
Make sure you've good posture and then slowly decrease your torso by bending your left knee.
The reverse grip prompts your back and forearmmuscle teams with much
less emphasis on the biceps brachii, which isbetter for total energy and performance.
You won’t be able to do many reps, but you’ll see your arms develop.
For robust shoulders and athletic arms, these are some of the movements to hit on a weekly foundation. Not solely does resistance training make you stronger,
nevertheless it also improves your mobility—a.k.a.
Your capacity to maneuver a joint through its full range of movement, with control.
Energy burned when weightlifting, particularly with a bodybuilding or
powerlifting split, merely can’t compare to conventional cardio.
So, if cardio is important to you, we recommend that you
do minutes of cardio 3-4 days per week, though even 2 days is ok.
Just make those minutes count by not lollygagging round – a 30
minute workout that’s intense is far better than a half-ass workout that takes ninety minutes.
The Bulgarian break up squat is a incredible addition to traditional barbell squats.
The main advantage of working one leg at a time is discovering and targeting any weak point.
A long-term dedication to unilateral workouts like the split squat
helps fix power imbalances and makes you a greater lifter.
You begin with a strength-focused push workout, then alternate between pull days and
push days. Bear In Mind, some workouts goal multiple muscle teams as a substitute of 1 or
two. These allow you to focus on balanced training instead of including numerous workout routines to your routine.
Nonetheless, it sometimes depends extra on the quadriceps and doesn’t engage the posterior chain muscle tissue as a lot because the squat.
The squat is mostly thought-about the superior exercise
for common power and athletic purposes. It requires extra stabilization, core activation, and overall
muscle recruitment, notably in the hip flexors and glutes.
Place your ab training at the beginning of your workout if abs
are prime precedence. The calves encompass the gastrocnemius and the soleus muscular tissues.
The gastroc will get labored by standing calf
raises, and the soleus bears the brunt of the load during seated raises.
"Optimal calf improvement requires bent-knee and straight-knee positions for maximal growth," says Brad Schoenfeld, creator of The M.A.X.
Muscle Plan. You must be consuming about half your body weight in ounces of water.
So, when you weight 200lbs, you want one hundred ounces of water per day (or 3 liters).
We know that the fibres of the chest run in numerous
instructions. And as a naked minimum most individuals are
likely to need workouts to decrease pec fibres and others to
work the higher pec fibres. Let’s start by wanting at the practicalities of the
state of affairs first. However let me first preface this subsequent section by saying many of the audience listening
to the show will be at a beginner or intermediate stage of their
training. Nonetheless, if you’re a pro about to hit the stage, then this one probably isn’t for you.
So, so lengthy as the volume and depth of the exercise is managed successfully a one muscle group per exercise method can work better for some.
So when you ever questioned if having a day purely for biceps is the best way to build muscle, then I’ve got the reply for you.
Meaning, that instead of reaching peak resistance at or close to the bottom of the movement, you'll attain peak resistance barely nearer to the middle of the
motion. This difference in force curve would possibly present a further stimulus in your chest to grow.
In abstract, the incline dumbbell press is a superb chest exercise, allowing a protracted vary of movement in a
stable place, for a big portion of your pec muscle fibers.
Simply 20–30° incline is sufficient to target the upper chest muscle fibers good, while still getting additional training on your middle muscle fibers.
Really Feel free to switch up the workout routines in our
3 day workout plans above with any of those workout routines.
Pairing muscle teams strategically throughout exercises helps you maximize effectivity, stability energy, and optimize recovery.
These muscle groups are almost always energetic in strength-building workouts.
Some people find hiring a personal trainer helps them stay motivated and makes figuring
out more enjoyable. A trainer can keep you accountable and be sure that you’re working at
an acceptable intensity on your current health
level. One Other factor to contemplate is how many strength-training periods you have weekly.
Many workout routines will work at least two completely different muscle groups collectively, while others can isolate
specific muscles.
The solely way to see if daily calisthenics training will
be good for you is to strive it for a month and monitor your progress.
As Soon As you’ve picked your program sort, all you should
do is slot your chosen calisthenic workouts into the appropriate template.
No calisthenic train library could be entirely full, and exercise
names can range, too. Nonetheless, this is a listing of the most well-liked
calisthenic movements using their most generally accepted names.
The word calisthenics comes from the Greek words kallos, meaning beauty,
and sthenos, which means energy.
After your warm-up sets, perform three heavy sets of 3–5 reps.
The final rep should be difficult but not unimaginable to finish.
Presses make up the muse of your chest coaching for strength and
mass, however flyes allow isolation work for full pec improvement.
The main benefit of the leg press over the squat is
that you simply don’t should be involved about balance and approach to the same extent.
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