Better Breadcrumbs

By Daniel Wood, 4 October 2018

breadcrumbs hero

Introduction

Breadcrumb menus are great. They tell the user a lot about where they are within a solutions hierarchy.  They also provide a really quick and easy way to navigate up/down that hierarchy if needed. In the FileMaker world, people have been making breadcrumb menus in various forms for a while, the most common implementation is that of a repeating fields, button bars, or in the case of vertical menus, a portal.

And while all of these methods are workable, they tend to have limitations when it comes to 2 aspects - the visual quality of the menu, and the ability to customise and extend the menu. So what do we mean by these?  We’ll start off by giving an example of a breadcrumb menu built using a button bar, discuss some of its limitations, and then present our alternative implementation using a tab control object.

Example file time!

Rather than wait til the end to check out the demo, we strongly recommend you download and explore the example file as you read. This will help you follow along with the content of the article and help you to understand what we are talking about.

BetterBreadcrumbs.zip

 

A typical breadcrumb menu

Here is an example of a standard breadcrumb menu. This is a location based menu, as the items in the menu are locations within the solution the user can navigate to.

Breadcrumbs 1

The user currently resides at the right-most location in the menu, and as you scan to the left you can work your way back up the navigation hierarchy all the way to home screen. These navigation elements are clickable, so the user is free to traverse back up the hierarchy to any point they wish.

Building this in FileMaker

Many peoples first instinct would be to use a button bar to design and build a breadcrumb menu. It has a number of properties that suit a breadcrumb menu:

  • Multiple segments, each could be a step in the hierarchy
  • Clickable, as each segment is essentially a button
  • You can calculate the text to appear in each segment.

But here’s the problem. Button bars are of a fixed width, and the segments within the button bar are all proportional in width to the overall width of the bar itself. So if you have a 100pt wide button bar, with 10 segments, then each segment will be 10 pts wide. If you extend the width of the bar to 200pts, then each segment grows to 20pts in width. You have no control over the width of each individual segment.

So what does this mean for us in real terms?

Breadcrumbs 2

Here is a crack at building a breadcrumb menu with a button bar. The issue we have is that each segment has a variable amount of text, yet we can only have a single width per segment. Add to this the fact that typical breadcrumb menus have a divider between each element, and you end up with a pretty average looking menu.

Breadcrumbs 3

This is what it looks like in layout mode, to further illustrate whats going on.

Now, we have seen people come up with attempts to work around this fixed width segment issue. Some involve creating button bar segments based on calculations, where the text inside each segment is padded with spaces to make it a certain width, while others involve starting off with hundreds of small segments, and programmatically removing certain segments and padding others. The simple fact is these are all complex and a real pain to work with, and you still do not achieve a really beautiful result.

What about a tab control?

What’s that, I hear you ask? A tab control? Surely a tab is the last object you’d think of to build a breadcrumb menu right? Well maybe, but the fact is tab controls are the perfect layout object for building them (short of an actual breadcrumb menu layout object!). 

The reason why tab controls are so great for this, is the simple fact that the width of each tab control name is variable in width. This means it doesn’t matter how much or how little text goes into each tab name, they won’t all end up the same width.

Breadcrumbs 4

This is a tab control, designed to look like a breadcrumb menu. Looks pretty nice doesn’t it. Notice how all of the spacing between the dividers and the items are all consistent.  So how is this done?

Breadcrumbs 5

Here is the same tab control object highlighted in layout mode.  The height of the overall object has been reduced such that there is actually no content space, it’s just the height of the tab names themselves. We aren’t going to be using this object for placing other objects in, we are only concerned with the names.

Let’s look at the tab control setup next.

Breadcrumbs 6

Interesting! What we can see here is that the odd positions in the tab control are given the names of the items in the menu. Whilst the even positions are used for dividers. This is a key concept in our technique for building the menu - odd spaces are for items, even spaces are for separators.

The above setup is kind of useless in an actual solution because it is so hard-coded. Ideally you want the menu to be dynamic, and have elements add/remove as you traverse up/down the navigation hierarchy of your solution, but at this point we’re simply showing you the building blocks for how we structure the object.

We use the “Label width + Margin of” option for tab width, this allows tabs to grow as more text is added, whilst maintaining an even spacing between items and dividers. We are using an ascii character of a right arrow for the divider.

Formatting items

You’ll note that the first three items in the menu are underlined. This is to give visual indication to the user that these are clickable. The right-most element is not underlined, suggesting that is the screen they are current on, and there is no need for them to click that link.

Visual design is achieved through conditional formatting of each individual tab control. In this very basic example, the condition for the first 3 items is simply “true” and we format them to underlined. Again in reality we want to be a bit more dynamic in our conditional formatting, which we’ll cover later.

For a navigation breadcrumb, you may actually wish to simply go with a hard-coded menu such as the one above, and just adjust its display for each layout it appears on, and indeed this may be the easiest implementation.  Other implementations may require a more soft-coded dynamic approach.

A simple example

In the example file we start off with a simple wizard example. Here we use a breadcrumb menu to indicate position in a step by step wizard.

Breadcrumbs 7

This wizard has 5 steps, and the user will work their way through the wizard, and continue to the next section by clicking a button. The menu itself is not clickable, it exists purely as a visual aid to inform the user of their progress in the wizard.

We use the tab control for display of the menu, and we are using a slide-control beneath it for the wizard itself. So, the slide control has 5 panels and each panel is named Wizard_1 through Wizard_5.

The tab control setup is as follows:

Breadcrumbs 8

Pretty simple stuff. Again odd positions for items, even positions are separators. Because the size of this wizard is known, we only need to add however many tabs are required for each step. 

Navigation through the wizard is done by running a script.  The script takes as a parameter a direction, be it forward or back. Depending on which direction, it updates the value of a global variable $$WIZARD_POSITION. We use this global variable to help us know which step of the wizard we are on.  The script then simply navigates to the next or previous slide panel.

The breadcrumb menu now has to update visually to reflect the users position also. We know the position of the user based on the number in the global variable which will be between 1 and 5.  The visual updating is done via conditional formatting, so let's take a look at that:

Breadcrumbs 9

This is really easy. What we are looking at is the conditional formatting rule for the second position “Your Details”.  We’re saying that if the user is at this position, or has gone past this position already, that it should be coloured.

Breadcrumbs 10

Here the user is on step 4 “Interests”, and so the conditional formatting of items 1 through 4 are evaluated to true, and are coloured bold and green.

For the dividers, they are irrelevant in our example, so we can either always evaluate their conditional formatting to true (and assign them some property, in this case grey colour), or you can leave them without conditional formatting, in which case they will inherit the default formatting of the tab control object.

In this example, you’ll note that the text is black, and the dividers are grey, so we have a difference in formatting of the 2 types of tabs. In the interests of simplicity, we make the default tab text colour black, and we have applied conditional formatting to all dividers, to change them to grey.

Adding action to navigation items

More often than not, you want the user to be allowed to click an item in the navigation menu and run a script accordingly. We can achieve this in tab controls by using the OnPanelSwitch object trigger.

Breadcrumbs 11

Here is the same wizard, although this time all sections can be navigated to at any point in time.

We start by altering the formatting so that all objects are underlined to begin with, indicating that they can be clicked.  The other conditional formatting properties are the same as in the previous example, if the user is on a position, or that position is to the left of where the user currently is, we make it bold and green.

If we apply an OnPanelSwitch trigger to the tab control object,  then our script will run regardless of which tab is chosen.  An important piece of information we will use in the script is the position of the tab the user has clicked. This can be found by evaluating the first value in the function Get ( TriggerTargetPanel ).

There are 2 possible situations here. Firstly, the user may have clicked a divider. Our script will still run in this instance, so we must handle this situation. Recall all even positions are dividers, so we can check whether the clicked position is even. If it is then we return a FALSE result from the script, and the divider tab is not navigated to.

The only other scenario is the user has clicked on an actual item that they can navigate to. This will be an odd number.  We must translate this number into the actual wizard position. We need to do this because of the dividers, they offset the clicked item.

To illustrate this consider clicking on “Immediate Family”. You know that this is the third position in the wizard, but it is actually the 5th position in the tab control. So we need to write a translation between the position chosen and the wizard position. It’s pretty straightforward and simply Ceiling ( $PositionClicked / 2 ).  In our example, this would be 5/2 = 2.5, and taking the ceiling of this gives us a wizard position of 3.

Now that we know the wizard position, it’s just a case of setting our location to that value, and going to that sliding panel object, all done !

You can indeed write your own script to cater for any positional click in your menu, regardless of what you are using your menu for.

Abstracting item names into a table

Often times your wizard or menu items will exist in a table as records because you need to customise them, or build different menus for different purposes. In this example we’re going to show that you can still use the breadcrumb menu in this fashion.

Breadcrumbs 12

Breadcrumbs 13

Here is a table of records, each for a different section in the breadcrumb menu, and below is the breadcrumb menu.  The 2 important bits of information in the table are the name of the item, and its position in the menu.

The beauty of using a tab control really stands out when using an abstracted menu like this. The menu will simply expand to accommodate variable lengths of text. In order for things to work smoothly there are just two things you need to be aware of:

  • Make the initial width of the tab object wide enough to cater for a worst case scenario length of menu.
  • Add enough tab control objects so that you are sure you have enough menu positions to cater for all the items that may end up in the menu.

Breadcrumbs 14

Here is the tab control setup of this abstracted menu. Wow things are really getting interesting now!  What you see there is a custom function which we have named @BREADCRUMB. It takes 2 parameters. The first is a keyword identifying which records in our wizard setup table to retrieve, and the second is the order number to retrieve. The 5 items in our table are all of type “Abstracted”, and are all numbered 1 through 5. 

Breadcrumbs 15

Here’s the custom function. It’s a simple executeSQL query where we retrieve names of items based on their type and order number, again nothing magical here just standard FileMaker.

The rest of the implementation is no different to our other examples. Conditional formatting for the items, and a script trigger for navigation.

Abstracting the formatting as well as the names

In this last example we show how you can tailor the formatting of individual items in the menu as well as their names. Now you could achieve this with conditional formatting again, but if you want a specific item to have a specific formatting you may wish to abstract this into a table of records to be based on actual items, rather than position in the menu.

This is a very similar example to the one above, with a slight exception that we have an additional field in our table containing an RGB function for the colour we want our item to be.

Breadcrumbs 16

Here is the tab control setup for this example:

Breadcrumbs 17

We have added in 9 different tabs here. In fact we add more than required in case more are needed. Because the items are abstracted to a menu, but adding more tabs, we ensure we don’t have to come back and potentially add more in future.

The other interesting thing to notice here is that we no longer are adding dividers into the even positions. It’s all just calls to a custom function called @BREADCRUMB_Formatted.  This function is identical in behaviour to the earlier one, but this function does a couple more things

  • If the order number passed through is even, it returns the divider character
  • If the order number passed through is odd, it obtains the name of that item from corresponding record.
  • It also obtains the formatting properties from the record, and applies them to the name, using the Evaluate function.
  • It also determines using the wizard position $$WIZARD_POSITION whether to format the item, or whether to not format

So in this case, we are not using conditional formatting to determine whether to format an item or not, it is entirely done within the custom function. The formatting properties we use comes from the record itself.

Breadcrumbs 18

The end result of this is that because we are only displaying text for items, we have full formatting control over how that looks using the text formatting functions. Here we are using slightly different colours for each item.

Tabs are awesome

The tab control object is just one of those cool objects that just keeps giving. We really love these breadcrumb menus and feel they have a really useful place in solutions. They can also be now made to look really professional and behave just like a breadcrumb menu should as well as being very easy to customise and format.

Example file again!

As with all of our articles we produce we like to provide a detailed example file to go along with it. It’s not enough to just read how something is done, you should be able to see it in action and explore how it works yourself. Please find attached the example file below.

Breadcrumbs.zip

Credits

We'd like to thank Greig Jackson here at Digital Fusion for coming up with this method — nice work!

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    Some are useful for basic health and would possibly assist your bodybuilding indirectly. Others could immediately enhance your efficiency, although most don’t have enough analysis for an unreserved advice. Three to 6 mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight an hour before figuring out is a protected and effective dose to boost performance. Caffeine is essentially the most extensively consumed drug and a staple in many people’s day by day lives.
    Nevertheless, once you’ve obtained dumbbells by your facet, you’re able to tackle this brief, intense routine from private trainers&nbsp;Juice &amp; Toya. The duo has designed this 25-minute session to work muscles throughout your entire body, raise your heart price, and boost your metabolism. It pushes every muscle to the restrict and makes use of cutting-edge scientific approaches to muscle features.
    A newbie doesn’t want a large variety of units to stimulate muscle progress. Full-body coaching presents several benefits for the newbie. As A Substitute of utterly destroying a muscle group with a dozen or more units, which might require many days to get well from, you train each muscle slightly each exercise, however you do it extra usually.
    Brad runs a analysis lab dedicated to learning the means to build muscle — optimally. Any program that simply modifications workout routines each week, eh, it isn't gonna be the best reply. Some kind of lunging, and it doesn't matter much what type, however front foot elevated and weight focused on the front foot is a really good thought. Then I would say the following kind of movement you need is some type of hip thrust.
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    Put Together to maximise your power with our exclusive 13-week energy coaching program. Working a full physique split will allow you to fully crush every single session. This is as a end result of you must be coming off a rest day earlier than each single workout!
    Ascending pyramids are appropriate for all bodybuilding lifters, however descening pyramids is a extra superior coaching approach. Novices and intermediate bodybuilders don't need to coach to failure. If you do it, be sure to don’t overdo it and compromise your restoration. A bodybuilder primarily interested in muscle growth has more freedom. Current research reveals that using heavy weights and low reps is superior for energy growth, and light-weight weights and tons of reps are best for muscle endurance.
    As A Outcome Of you’re virtually resting one leg half the time, you probably can maintain the remaining period between your units to ninety seconds to 2 minutes. After a few warm-up units, perform four units of eight reps. Hold your rest intervals to around two minutes, and concentrate on proper type going from a full stretch to a maximal contraction. A latest examine discovered that seated leg curls lead to greater muscle growth compared to leg curls.2 Nevertheless, the sartorius muscle grew higher from mendacity leg curls. The two leg curls variants connect your hamstrings barely in another way, so it may be finest to incorporate them both for optimum hamstring improvement. These are the supplements I consider can profit you the most. Some, like caffeine, are supported by scientific proof and assist your efficiency within the gym a bit.
    Instead, contract your glutes, brace your belly wall to realize stability, and use a full vary of movement from beneath your chin up to straight arms. Nonetheless, for hypertrophy training, you wish to perform the squat in a managed method, keeping rigidity in your muscle tissue all through the set. If establishing an excellent mind-muscle connection means much less weight on the bar, don’t hesitate to lower the load. Bear In Mind, your muscular tissues develop when you relaxation them during the 24–48 hours following your coaching session, not whereas you’re truly lifting. As you gain coaching experience, taking two to three minutes to recover between sets allows you to carry heavier and do more reps for presumably slightly better positive aspects over time.
    This is typically carried out in your final set and towards the end of your exercise. If you want to keep your body guessing and, in turn, keep your metabolic rate up, then you would alternate your days between ingesting a excessive and low quantity of carbohydrates. Most athletes tend to have their high carb days in the course of the more intense coaching days (like leg day), alternating between these two phases helps keep an accelerated metabolic fee. While most of your diet shall be coming from whole meals, you will want to take a multi-vitamin in order to fill in the gaps. The stress of bodybuilding on the body cannot be overstated. If you aren't ready with the best vitamins, then your physique will succumb to overtraining. Be positive to buy a top quality multi-vitamin to take with breakfast.
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    You can do most of the finest basic exercises for each major muscle group when you have important equipment like a barbell and weight plates, an adjustable bench, and a rack. This is a chance to build some quality muscle by working onerous and lifting huge. However machines permit you to give consideration to isolating muscle teams much more effectively.
    Some say that training your abs is unnecessary, that other compound actions care for them, and that abs are made within the kitchen. They grow greater and stronger, and if you want stand-out abdominals, treat them like the rest of your muscular tissues and work them exhausting. Besides, you don’t need that kind or quantity of training but. You’ll experience maximum positive aspects from a few units per muscle per week and get a mild and effective introduction to bodybuilding. Often referred to as beginner gains, you rapidly achieve muscle and turn out to be stronger if you take up weight training for the primary time.
    From the choice of exercises,&nbsp;along with the means to&nbsp;order your program for maximal positive aspects. Whatever it's you should really feel like your old self again, we’ve got you coated. For minimalist coaching I generally favor an upper decrease cut up for a quantity of reasons. One, you are much less more doubtless to get overuse accidents, since all the movements which stress the same joints/connective tissues are generally hit on the same days.
    Just stick to these fundamentals and visualize your self making features. And if you focus on it, you’re also working the entire back-side of your body. This is a part that some could neglect because back and hamstrings aren't as seen to us (or to the mirror!). But if you'd like that 3D bodybuilder look, you should have an enormous again and hamstring. You’ll observe that up with isolation workout routines and doing a drop set on the last set of each. One Other fast notice is that you’ll be doing pyramid sets, which implies you’ll go up in weight each set.
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