Better Breadcrumbs
By Daniel Wood, 4 October 2018
Introduction
Breadcrumb menus are great. They tell the user a lot about where they are within a solutions hierarchy. They also provide a really quick and easy way to navigate up/down that hierarchy if needed. In the FileMaker world, people have been making breadcrumb menus in various forms for a while, the most common implementation is that of a repeating fields, button bars, or in the case of vertical menus, a portal.
And while all of these methods are workable, they tend to have limitations when it comes to 2 aspects - the visual quality of the menu, and the ability to customise and extend the menu. So what do we mean by these? We’ll start off by giving an example of a breadcrumb menu built using a button bar, discuss some of its limitations, and then present our alternative implementation using a tab control object.
Example file time!
Rather than wait til the end to check out the demo, we strongly recommend you download and explore the example file as you read. This will help you follow along with the content of the article and help you to understand what we are talking about.
A typical breadcrumb menu
Here is an example of a standard breadcrumb menu. This is a location based menu, as the items in the menu are locations within the solution the user can navigate to.
The user currently resides at the right-most location in the menu, and as you scan to the left you can work your way back up the navigation hierarchy all the way to home screen. These navigation elements are clickable, so the user is free to traverse back up the hierarchy to any point they wish.
Building this in FileMaker
Many peoples first instinct would be to use a button bar to design and build a breadcrumb menu. It has a number of properties that suit a breadcrumb menu:
- Multiple segments, each could be a step in the hierarchy
- Clickable, as each segment is essentially a button
- You can calculate the text to appear in each segment.
But here’s the problem. Button bars are of a fixed width, and the segments within the button bar are all proportional in width to the overall width of the bar itself. So if you have a 100pt wide button bar, with 10 segments, then each segment will be 10 pts wide. If you extend the width of the bar to 200pts, then each segment grows to 20pts in width. You have no control over the width of each individual segment.
So what does this mean for us in real terms?
Here is a crack at building a breadcrumb menu with a button bar. The issue we have is that each segment has a variable amount of text, yet we can only have a single width per segment. Add to this the fact that typical breadcrumb menus have a divider between each element, and you end up with a pretty average looking menu.
This is what it looks like in layout mode, to further illustrate whats going on.
Now, we have seen people come up with attempts to work around this fixed width segment issue. Some involve creating button bar segments based on calculations, where the text inside each segment is padded with spaces to make it a certain width, while others involve starting off with hundreds of small segments, and programmatically removing certain segments and padding others. The simple fact is these are all complex and a real pain to work with, and you still do not achieve a really beautiful result.
What about a tab control?
What’s that, I hear you ask? A tab control? Surely a tab is the last object you’d think of to build a breadcrumb menu right? Well maybe, but the fact is tab controls are the perfect layout object for building them (short of an actual breadcrumb menu layout object!).
The reason why tab controls are so great for this, is the simple fact that the width of each tab control name is variable in width. This means it doesn’t matter how much or how little text goes into each tab name, they won’t all end up the same width.
This is a tab control, designed to look like a breadcrumb menu. Looks pretty nice doesn’t it. Notice how all of the spacing between the dividers and the items are all consistent. So how is this done?
Here is the same tab control object highlighted in layout mode. The height of the overall object has been reduced such that there is actually no content space, it’s just the height of the tab names themselves. We aren’t going to be using this object for placing other objects in, we are only concerned with the names.
Let’s look at the tab control setup next.
Interesting! What we can see here is that the odd positions in the tab control are given the names of the items in the menu. Whilst the even positions are used for dividers. This is a key concept in our technique for building the menu - odd spaces are for items, even spaces are for separators.
The above setup is kind of useless in an actual solution because it is so hard-coded. Ideally you want the menu to be dynamic, and have elements add/remove as you traverse up/down the navigation hierarchy of your solution, but at this point we’re simply showing you the building blocks for how we structure the object.
We use the “Label width + Margin of” option for tab width, this allows tabs to grow as more text is added, whilst maintaining an even spacing between items and dividers. We are using an ascii character of a right arrow for the divider.
Formatting items
You’ll note that the first three items in the menu are underlined. This is to give visual indication to the user that these are clickable. The right-most element is not underlined, suggesting that is the screen they are current on, and there is no need for them to click that link.
Visual design is achieved through conditional formatting of each individual tab control. In this very basic example, the condition for the first 3 items is simply “true” and we format them to underlined. Again in reality we want to be a bit more dynamic in our conditional formatting, which we’ll cover later.
For a navigation breadcrumb, you may actually wish to simply go with a hard-coded menu such as the one above, and just adjust its display for each layout it appears on, and indeed this may be the easiest implementation. Other implementations may require a more soft-coded dynamic approach.
A simple example
In the example file we start off with a simple wizard example. Here we use a breadcrumb menu to indicate position in a step by step wizard.
This wizard has 5 steps, and the user will work their way through the wizard, and continue to the next section by clicking a button. The menu itself is not clickable, it exists purely as a visual aid to inform the user of their progress in the wizard.
We use the tab control for display of the menu, and we are using a slide-control beneath it for the wizard itself. So, the slide control has 5 panels and each panel is named Wizard_1 through Wizard_5.
The tab control setup is as follows:
Pretty simple stuff. Again odd positions for items, even positions are separators. Because the size of this wizard is known, we only need to add however many tabs are required for each step.
Navigation through the wizard is done by running a script. The script takes as a parameter a direction, be it forward or back. Depending on which direction, it updates the value of a global variable $$WIZARD_POSITION. We use this global variable to help us know which step of the wizard we are on. The script then simply navigates to the next or previous slide panel.
The breadcrumb menu now has to update visually to reflect the users position also. We know the position of the user based on the number in the global variable which will be between 1 and 5. The visual updating is done via conditional formatting, so let's take a look at that:
This is really easy. What we are looking at is the conditional formatting rule for the second position “Your Details”. We’re saying that if the user is at this position, or has gone past this position already, that it should be coloured.
Here the user is on step 4 “Interests”, and so the conditional formatting of items 1 through 4 are evaluated to true, and are coloured bold and green.
For the dividers, they are irrelevant in our example, so we can either always evaluate their conditional formatting to true (and assign them some property, in this case grey colour), or you can leave them without conditional formatting, in which case they will inherit the default formatting of the tab control object.
In this example, you’ll note that the text is black, and the dividers are grey, so we have a difference in formatting of the 2 types of tabs. In the interests of simplicity, we make the default tab text colour black, and we have applied conditional formatting to all dividers, to change them to grey.
Adding action to navigation items
More often than not, you want the user to be allowed to click an item in the navigation menu and run a script accordingly. We can achieve this in tab controls by using the OnPanelSwitch object trigger.
Here is the same wizard, although this time all sections can be navigated to at any point in time.
We start by altering the formatting so that all objects are underlined to begin with, indicating that they can be clicked. The other conditional formatting properties are the same as in the previous example, if the user is on a position, or that position is to the left of where the user currently is, we make it bold and green.
If we apply an OnPanelSwitch trigger to the tab control object, then our script will run regardless of which tab is chosen. An important piece of information we will use in the script is the position of the tab the user has clicked. This can be found by evaluating the first value in the function Get ( TriggerTargetPanel ).
There are 2 possible situations here. Firstly, the user may have clicked a divider. Our script will still run in this instance, so we must handle this situation. Recall all even positions are dividers, so we can check whether the clicked position is even. If it is then we return a FALSE result from the script, and the divider tab is not navigated to.
The only other scenario is the user has clicked on an actual item that they can navigate to. This will be an odd number. We must translate this number into the actual wizard position. We need to do this because of the dividers, they offset the clicked item.
To illustrate this consider clicking on “Immediate Family”. You know that this is the third position in the wizard, but it is actually the 5th position in the tab control. So we need to write a translation between the position chosen and the wizard position. It’s pretty straightforward and simply Ceiling ( $PositionClicked / 2 ). In our example, this would be 5/2 = 2.5, and taking the ceiling of this gives us a wizard position of 3.
Now that we know the wizard position, it’s just a case of setting our location to that value, and going to that sliding panel object, all done !
You can indeed write your own script to cater for any positional click in your menu, regardless of what you are using your menu for.
Abstracting item names into a table
Often times your wizard or menu items will exist in a table as records because you need to customise them, or build different menus for different purposes. In this example we’re going to show that you can still use the breadcrumb menu in this fashion.
Here is a table of records, each for a different section in the breadcrumb menu, and below is the breadcrumb menu. The 2 important bits of information in the table are the name of the item, and its position in the menu.
The beauty of using a tab control really stands out when using an abstracted menu like this. The menu will simply expand to accommodate variable lengths of text. In order for things to work smoothly there are just two things you need to be aware of:
- Make the initial width of the tab object wide enough to cater for a worst case scenario length of menu.
- Add enough tab control objects so that you are sure you have enough menu positions to cater for all the items that may end up in the menu.
Here is the tab control setup of this abstracted menu. Wow things are really getting interesting now! What you see there is a custom function which we have named @BREADCRUMB. It takes 2 parameters. The first is a keyword identifying which records in our wizard setup table to retrieve, and the second is the order number to retrieve. The 5 items in our table are all of type “Abstracted”, and are all numbered 1 through 5.
Here’s the custom function. It’s a simple executeSQL query where we retrieve names of items based on their type and order number, again nothing magical here just standard FileMaker.
The rest of the implementation is no different to our other examples. Conditional formatting for the items, and a script trigger for navigation.
Abstracting the formatting as well as the names
In this last example we show how you can tailor the formatting of individual items in the menu as well as their names. Now you could achieve this with conditional formatting again, but if you want a specific item to have a specific formatting you may wish to abstract this into a table of records to be based on actual items, rather than position in the menu.
This is a very similar example to the one above, with a slight exception that we have an additional field in our table containing an RGB function for the colour we want our item to be.
Here is the tab control setup for this example:
We have added in 9 different tabs here. In fact we add more than required in case more are needed. Because the items are abstracted to a menu, but adding more tabs, we ensure we don’t have to come back and potentially add more in future.
The other interesting thing to notice here is that we no longer are adding dividers into the even positions. It’s all just calls to a custom function called @BREADCRUMB_Formatted. This function is identical in behaviour to the earlier one, but this function does a couple more things
- If the order number passed through is even, it returns the divider character
- If the order number passed through is odd, it obtains the name of that item from corresponding record.
- It also obtains the formatting properties from the record, and applies them to the name, using the Evaluate function.
- It also determines using the wizard position $$WIZARD_POSITION whether to format the item, or whether to not format
So in this case, we are not using conditional formatting to determine whether to format an item or not, it is entirely done within the custom function. The formatting properties we use comes from the record itself.
The end result of this is that because we are only displaying text for items, we have full formatting control over how that looks using the text formatting functions. Here we are using slightly different colours for each item.
Tabs are awesome
The tab control object is just one of those cool objects that just keeps giving. We really love these breadcrumb menus and feel they have a really useful place in solutions. They can also be now made to look really professional and behave just like a breadcrumb menu should as well as being very easy to customise and format.
Example file again!
As with all of our articles we produce we like to provide a detailed example file to go along with it. It’s not enough to just read how something is done, you should be able to see it in action and explore how it works yourself. Please find attached the example file below.
Credits
We'd like to thank Greig Jackson here at Digital Fusion for coming up with this method — nice work!
Something to say? Post a comment...
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Warts are skin growths that establish because of pressures of the human papillomavirus (HPV). There are a number of kinds, like plantar blemishes, usual verrucas and flat blemishes. Warts can be persistent, yet many therapy alternatives can help do away with them. In our study, clients with protuberances had substantially reduced mean product vitamin B12 level than patients without growths. Furthermore, they extra frequently had actually reduced product vitamin B12 degrees.
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Due to the buildup of excess skin cells, psoriasis can additionally hurt. If you've been managing plantar blemishes, you understand just how frustrating they can be. Not only are they unpleasant, but they can also be fairly agonizing.
They were confessed to our department for regular skin-related assessment and wished to check their vitamin standing. The localization of the warts, clinical sort of the protuberances, sore number, condition duration, signs and symptoms like pain or irritation, skin phototype, previous treatments, and medical history and family members background were recorded. Serum degrees of ferritin, folate, vitamin B12, zinc, TSH, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25( OH) D) were assessed.
Various other trace elements, such as zinc, iron, folate, vitamins A, C, E, B6, B12, and thyroid hormones, have actually also been reported to control immune response (14-16). Al-Gurairi et alia (17) recommended that oral zinc sulfate may be a reliable healing choice in the therapy of stubborn moles. We, consequently, assumed that patients with excrescences had actually lowered levels of these trace elements and hormones. The objective of this study was to compare the product degrees of vitamin D, ferritin, folate, vitamin B12, zinc, and thyroid stimulating hormonal agent (TSH) in individuals with cutaneous and genital warts and healthy people. Verrucas are benign epithelial spreadings brought on by human papillomavirus infections (1-3). They are classified as usual, plantar, flat, filiform, and genital (4 ).
These protuberances appear on the sole of the foot and can be hard to treat. Therapy might include topical medicines and removal via medical procedures. Protuberances are typically skin-colored and really feel harsh, yet they can be dark (brownish or gray-black), flat, and smooth. Warts can spread out by call with the growth or something that touched the wart.
It might associate with the mode through which formaldehyde acts, or it might act in the series of caustic acids. With salicylic acid being the weakest, trichloroacetic acid being of tool toughness, and bichloracetic acid being the strongest, the strength of formic acid exists in between that of salicylic acid and trichloroacetic acid. Verrucas totally settled in 85% of the duct tape arm of the research study versus just 60% in the cryotherapy team.74 The mechanism by which air duct tape acts stays speculative. Far-off moles that were not treated with the duct tape additionally fixed, elevating the opportunity that the host's body immune system was stimulated with neighborhood irritability generated by the duct tape.
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Cost Comparison: Specialist Bleaching Vs Over The Counter Teeth Bleaching
Whiteners work just on the tough external surface area of your teeth, enamel. " If you bleach your teeth too much, you can wind up making your natural teeth whiter than neighboring crowns or composite fillings," Stanton claims. " Making use of whiteners frequently, specifically in combination with lightening tooth paste, can even turn teeth a little gray." You can obtain the sparkle back on your smile with a selection of teeth-whitening techniques. There are benefits and drawbacks to illuminating at the dentist's office or with an at-home set. Most of the over-the-counter items utilize a much milder variation of the active ingredients your dental professional makes use of.
You can see your dental professional for bleaching therapies or try at-home bleaching products. While there are some side effects from teeth lightening, a lot of traditional whitening treatments are risk-free to make use of as long as you comply with the product's instructions. The ordinary cost of professional teeth bleaching in San Diego, California, is $575. Nonetheless, rates can vary from $350 to $1,200 relying on the dental practitioner, the sort of teeth lightening treatment carried out, and the seriousness of the patient's tooth discoloration.
Some OTC products have the American Dental Organization's Seal of Approval. If you live in San Diego, California, and are thinking about obtaining Invisalign, it is very important to recognize if your insurance will cover it. Let's have a look at what your dental insurance strategy might cover when it pertains to Invisalign. While it could be more costly, it's usually worth the investment because you'll obtain long-lasting and, possibly, immediate outcomes. Both sorts of dental professionals are educated to provide top notch treatment, so selecting the one that is best for you is important.
Similarly, the American Association of Orthodontics found that virtually 90% of clients requested tooth lightening. So, if you've been considering whitening your teeth lately, you're not alone. When the majority of people consider a dental practitioner, they consider a person who cleanses teeth and fills up tooth cavities. Numerous basic dental professionals provide cosmetic services such as teeth whitening, bonding, and veneers. Because teeth bleaching is a cosmetic treatment, it's not covered by dental insurance policy. While in-office lightening is quick, custom-made take-home trays call for some persistance on the part of the patient.
These discolorations can result from antibiotic usage, high levels of fluoride direct exposure, and your tooth enamel growing thinner as you age. Inherent staining can often even be genetic, according to 2014 research study. Teeth whitening can damage your teeth if the treatment or product is too severe. This is due to dehydration of the teeth and the loss of crucial minerals like calcium. Tooth whitening can make teeth briefly sensitive-- or be awkward for people that already have sensitive teeth.
From tooth pastes to gels, strips, mouth trays and rinses, there is an excessive array of products that claim to lighten, lighten up and whiten your teeth. And with many options lining pharmacy racks, it can be daunting to identify the right method for you. Your dental practitioner can make use of a number of various techniques to bleach your teeth either in the workplace or in the house. Usually, the approaches they make use of will certainly bleach your teeth with carbamide peroxide. This breaks down to hydrogen peroxide and urea and targets the tooth's color in a chemical reaction. Expert treatments are more secure than non-prescription alternatives.
Teeth Lightening: Is It Risk-free On Tooth Enamel?
During teeth whitening, gum tissue irritation is an usual side effect that can occur, particularly when utilizing at-home kits. The bleaching representatives present in these items can aggravate the gums and cause pain. To stop gum irritation, it is very important to follow the guidelines carefully and stay clear of using way too much item. In addition, using a custom-fitted tray from a dental professional can help reduce the danger of gum inflammation. If you experience persistent gum tissue irritation or other side results, it's ideal to talk to your dental practitioner for advice on exactly how to manage the pain. It's essential to consult your dentist to guarantee the item appropriates for you and adhere to the instructions very carefully.
In addition, the personalized trays make sure a comfy fit and even circulation of the whitening gel for consistent outcomes. It includes the application of a high-concentration lightening gel, which is activated by an unique light. This method normally offers instant and visible outcomes, making it a prominent selection for those looking for fast lightening. However, it might be much more pricey than other methods and require several sessions for ideal results. This approach is recognized for its immediate and noticeable outcomes. Due to the opportunity for unfavorable results of tooth lightening, you should consider just having actually teeth bleaching carried out by a specialist.
You'll need to look for whitening treatments periodically for both extrinsic and inherent discoloration. You'll need to speak with your dental practitioner concerning just how to combine the shade of your teeth if you have implants, crowns, bridges, or dentures. You can buy non-prescription (OTC) lightening products to assist with stained teeth. Unlike items administered by a. dental practitioner, these items have no carbamide peroxide, or, much less than the items dental professionals use. This suggests that if your teeth are fundamentally discolored, OTC teeth whiteners may not function as properly or may take longer to whiten your teeth. You can obtain severely yellowed teeth due to aging, certain foods and beverages, and poor dental health.
Rowena 22/01/2025 6:08pm (3 months ago)
Getting a will-writing program online has an expense, and working with a lawyer is one of the most expensive alternative. Regardless of which approach you choose, you and two witnesses commonly need to sign the paper. No states requires notarization, though that may accelerate the probate procedure.
LegalZoom supplies access to independent attorneys and self-service devices. LegalZoom is not a law firm and does not provide legal recommendations, other than where authorized through its subsidiary law firm LZ Legal Provider, LLC. Use of our services and products is governed by our Regards to Use and Personal Privacy Policy. If you are dividing your properties among a large group of family members, for instance, employing a legal representative is a good concept. Similarly, if you have a complex collection of properties-- several homes and home loans or great deals of cash locked up in investments, for example -- a legal representative can confirm useful. Lawyers can likewise aid if you want to disinherit a youngster or partner or if you are fretted that a person is likely to challenge your will in court after you die.
Some people believe that they do not have sufficient assets or have a huge enough total assets to necessitate a Will. Yet Count on & Will's goal is to describe that no matter your age, total assets, or stage in life, having a Last Will and Testimony must be a top priority. We're below to assist as many people as we can shield their families and prolong their heritages. And the most effective means you can do that is to produce your Last Will and Testament. While a lawyer can be a great option for a witness, if that particular legal representative also prepared the will, they shouldn't act as among the witnesses. To prepare a will, begin by putting together a listing of your assets and financial debts.
NerdWallet, Inc. does not supply consultatory or brokerage services, nor does it recommend or suggest investors to acquire or market certain stocks, safety and securities or other investments. Possessions that go through the will should go through the probate process. You can employ a lawyer to create a will for you, or you can create a will on your own utilizing a reliable service.
Preparing a will is among the most important points you can do to put your life in order. Among other things, it will aid you choose what to do with your crucial stuff, which may offer you satisfaction. If you have actually a will prepared outside of Maryland and then relocate right into Maryland, it stands if it is implemented based on the laws of the state in which it was prepared. Nevertheless, if you move to an additional state, get in touch with the Probate Department of your brand-new territory to figure out if your will certainly is valid.
In the will, the author names an executor that manages the liquidation and distribution of the decedent's properties according to the terms of the will. The administrator must also pay off any kind of outstanding debts and tax obligations on the estate. For example, an individual can suggest a guardian to care for surviving minor kids or state choices for their funeral service. If you do not have a Will when you pass away, it implies you've passed away "Intestate." Under these conditions, individual state legislations will certainly after that dictate the circulation of your estate.
This implies the surviving spouse pays no taxes on possessions with no limitation. Nevertheless, if the making it through partner is not a united state resident, the marital deduction is not allowed. The ILIT is moneyed with a life insurance policy, where the count on comes to be both the proprietor and the recipient of the policy, but the grantor's successors can remain recipients of the trust fund itself. For this strategy to be legitimate, the grantor should live 3 years from the moment of the plan transfer, otherwise the plan profits will certainly not be excluded from the grantor's estate. A depend on is a lawful agreement entailing 3 celebrations that assists ensure your dreams are met for your possessions after your lifetime.
The Appropriate Will Certainly Paper
An Animal Trust makes sure that pet dogs receive the desired care and interest throughout their life time. A Qualified Terminable Rate Of Interest Residential Property Depend On ( QTIP) is established to provide earnings for an enduring spouse and for the grantor to regulate possessions after the death of a partner. QTIPs might work when recipients exist from a previous marital relationship and the grantor passes away before the subsequent partner. While there is normally no extreme thrill, bear in mind that you may desire to talk about aspects of your estate strategy with other experts, such as accounting professionals, retirement organizers, or money managers.
Or else, a holographic will certainly has every one of the capacities of a basic will. One of the most basic meaning of a last will and testament is a legal file that videotapes just how an individual wishes to distribute their assets upon their death. Another point to remember is some possessions might currently have actually assigned beneficiaries, like life insurance policies or certified retirement plans. When someone dies, their properties typically go toward funeral expenses and probate court fees. After that, if the individual has any arrearages, the administrator uses assets from the estate to resolve them.
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